For example, Sandy Templeton, director of isolator development and applications at NVE, relates that, on two electrical supplies lacking isolation between them, one supply’s ground currents can raise the potential of ground to 50V, melt the cable between two computers, and cause a fire (see sidebar “What is ground, anyway?”). A lack of isolation can have disastrous results. The technique should be an integral part of any design because it prevents ground loops, minimizes noise, and, most important, keeps users safe. Knowledge of isolation and its uses may galvanize you into designing it into all your future systems. The word “galvanic,” in fact, means having the effect of an electric shock. You also use galvanic isolation for safety considerations, preventing accidental current from reaching ground-a building’s floor, for example, through a person’s body. It is an effective method of breaking ground loops by preventing unwanted current from traveling between two units sharing a ground conductor. The technique finds use in situations in which two or more electric circuits must communicate, but their grounds may be at different potentials. The sections of the system can still exchange energy and information, however, using capacitance, induction, or electromagnetic waves, as well as optical, acoustic, or mechanical means. You use galvanic isolation to separate functional sections of electric systems so that charge-carrying particles cannot move from one section to another-that is, no electric current can flow directly from one section to the next.
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